Calculus Examples

$y = x^{\sqrt{x}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$y = x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

$\frac{d}{d y} (y) = \frac{d}{d y} (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{n}]$ is $n y^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$1$

Step 4

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 4.1

Differentiate using the Generalized Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [f^{g}]$ is $f^{g} (f' \frac{g}{f} + g' \ln (f))$ where $f = x$ and $g = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}) + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{\frac{1}{2} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2.2

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2.3

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.2.5.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1 - 2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2.5.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 1}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.2.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{d}{d y} [x] x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.3

Rewrite $\frac{d}{d y} [x]$ as $x'$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{d}{d y} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [f (g (y))]$ is $f' (g (y)) g' (y)$ where $f (y) = y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (y) = x$ .

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Step 4.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.5

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.6

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.7

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.8.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.8.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.9

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.10

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.11

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \ln (x))$

Step 4.12

Combine $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d y} [x] \ln (x)$

Step 4.13

Combine $\ln (x)$ and $\frac{x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d y} [x]$

Step 4.14

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}})}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d y} [x]$

Step 4.15

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.15.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2} \frac{d}{d y} [x]$

Step 4.15.2

Cancel the common factor.

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2} \frac{d}{d y} [x]$

Step 4.15.3

Rewrite the expression.

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d y} [x]$

Step 4.16

Rewrite $\frac{d}{d y} [x]$ as $x'$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} x'$

Step 4.17

Combine $\frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ and $x'$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'}{2}$

Step 4.18

To write $x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'}{2}$

Step 4.19

Combine $x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{\ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'}{2}$

Step 4.20

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 + \ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'}{2}$

Step 4.21

Move $2$ to the left of $x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot (x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}) + \ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'}{2}$

Step 4.22

Simplify.

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Step 4.22.1

Reorder factors in $2 x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + \ln (x) x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'$ .

$\frac{2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x' + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x) x'}{2}$

Step 4.22.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.22.2.1

Factor $x'$ out of $2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x' + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x) x'$ .

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Step 4.22.2.1.1

Factor $x'$ out of $2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} x'$ .

$\frac{x' (2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}) + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x) x'}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.1.2

Factor $x'$ out of $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x) x'$ .

$\frac{x' (2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}) + x' (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.1.3

Factor $x'$ out of $x' (2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}) + x' (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x))$ .

$\frac{x' (2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.2

Factor $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ out of $2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x)$ .

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Step 4.22.2.2.1

Factor $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ out of $2 x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x' (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.2.2

Factor $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \ln (x)$ .

$\frac{x' (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} (\ln (x)))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.2.3

Factor $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} (\ln (x))$ .

$\frac{x' (x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)))}{2}$

$\frac{x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.3

To write $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x' x^{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.4

Combine $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x' x^{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x' x^{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.2.6

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{2}$

Step 4.22.3

Reorder factors in $\frac{x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2}$

Step 5

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$1 = \frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2}$

Step 6

Solve for $x'$ .

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Step 6.1

Rewrite the equation as $\frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2} = 1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2} = 1$

Step 6.2

Multiply both sides of the equation by $2$ .

$2 \frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2} = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3

Simplify both sides of the equation.

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Step 6.3.1

Simplify the left side.

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Step 6.3.1.1

Simplify $2 \frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2}$ .

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Step 6.3.1.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.3.1.1.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$2 \frac{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x'}{2} = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3.1.1.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) x' = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3.1.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x)) x' = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3.1.1.3

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ .

$(2 \cdot x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} + x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x)) x' = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3.1.1.4

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} x' + x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x) x' = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3.1.1.5

Reorder factors in $2 x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} x' + x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x) x'$ .

$2 x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} + x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x) = 2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.3.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 6.3.2.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} + x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x) = 2$

Step 6.4

Factor $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ out of $2 x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} + x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x)$ .

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Step 6.4.1

Move $x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ .

$2 x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} + x' \ln (x) x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} = 2$

Step 6.4.2

Factor $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ out of $2 x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ .

$x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x' \ln (x) x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} = 2$

Step 6.4.3

Factor $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ out of $x' \ln (x) x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ .

$x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x) = 2$

Step 6.4.4

Factor $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}}$ out of $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} \ln (x)$ .

$x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) = 2$

Step 6.5

Divide each term in $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) = 2$ by $x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))$ and simplify.

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Step 6.5.1

Divide each term in $x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x)) = 2$ by $x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))$ .

$\frac{x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))} = \frac{2}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}$

Step 6.5.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 6.5.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x' x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))} = \frac{2}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}$

Step 6.5.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x' (2 + \ln (x))}{2 + \ln (x)} = \frac{2}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}$

Step 6.5.2.3

Cancel the common factor of $2 + \ln (x)$ .

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Step 6.5.2.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x' (2 + \ln (x))}{2 + \ln (x)} = \frac{2}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}$

Step 6.5.2.3.2

Divide $x'$ by $1$ .

$x' = \frac{2}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}$

Step 7

Replace $x'$ with $\frac{d x}{d y}$ .

$\frac{d x}{d y} = \frac{2}{x^{\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{2}} (2 + \ln (x))}$