Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{s - \sqrt{s}}{s^{2}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{s}$ as $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s - s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{s^{2}}]$

Step 2

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $s - s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.1

Raise $s$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{1} - s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{s^{2}}]$

Step 2.2

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $s^{1}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} s^{\frac{1}{2}} - s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{s^{2}}]$

Step 2.3

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} s^{\frac{1}{2}} + s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{s^{2}}]$

Step 2.4

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $s^{\frac{1}{2}} s^{\frac{1}{2}} + s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{s^{2}}]$

Step 3

Move $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{2} s^{- \frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 4

Multiply $s^{2}$ by $s^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{2 - \frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 4.2

To write $2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{2 \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 4.3

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 4.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{\frac{2 \cdot 2 - 1}{2}}}]$

Step 4.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.5.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{\frac{4 - 1}{2}}}]$

Step 4.5.2

Subtract $1$ from $4$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1}{s^{\frac{3}{2}}}]$

Step 5

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{f (s)}{g (s)}]$ is $\frac{g (s) \frac{d}{d s} [f (s)] - f (s) \frac{d}{d s} [g (s)]}{{g (s)}^{2}}$ where $f (s) = s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1$ and $g (s) = s^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1] - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{{(s^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 6

Differentiate.

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Step 6.1

Multiply the exponents in ${(s^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 6.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1] - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{\frac{3}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 6.1.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1] - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{\frac{3}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 6.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1] - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 6.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1$ with respect to $s$ is $\frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 6.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [s^{n}]$ is $n s^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 7

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 8

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 10

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 10.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 10.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{\frac{- 1}{2}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 11

Combine fractions.

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Step 11.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} s^{- \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 11.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $s^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{s^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 11.3

Move $s^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d s} [- 1]) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 12

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $s$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $s$ is $0$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 0) - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 13

Combine fractions.

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Step 13.1

Add $\frac{1}{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{1}{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 13.2

Combine $s^{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $\frac{1}{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}}}{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 13.3

Move $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2}} s^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 14

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.1

Multiply $s^{\frac{3}{2}}$ by $s^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{s^{\frac{3}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 14.1.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{s^{\frac{3 - 1}{2}}}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 14.1.3

Subtract $1$ from $3$ .

$\frac{\frac{s^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 14.1.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{s^{1}}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 14.2

Simplify $s^{1}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 15

Multiply $\frac{\frac{s}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{s}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}]}{s^{3}}$

Step 16

Simplify terms.

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Step 16.1

Combine.

$\frac{2 (\frac{s}{2} - (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}])}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 16.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 \frac{s}{2} + 2 (- (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}])}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 16.3

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 16.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 \frac{s}{2} + 2 (- (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}])}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 16.3.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{s + 2 (- (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}])}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 16.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{s - 2 ((s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{d}{d s} [s^{\frac{3}{2}}])}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 17

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [s^{n}]$ is $n s^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{3}{2}$ .

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) (\frac{3}{2} s^{\frac{3}{2} - 1})}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 18

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) (\frac{3}{2} s^{\frac{3}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 19

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) (\frac{3}{2} s^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 20

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) (\frac{3}{2} s^{\frac{3 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 21

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 21.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) (\frac{3}{2} s^{\frac{3 - 2}{2}})}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 21.2

Subtract $2$ from $3$ .

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) (\frac{3}{2} s^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 22

Combine $\frac{3}{2}$ and $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{s - 2 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1) \frac{3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 23

Combine $\frac{3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ and $- 2$ .

$\frac{s + \frac{3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 2}{2} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 24

Multiply $- 2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{s + \frac{- 6 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 25

Factor $2$ out of $- 6 s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{s + \frac{2 (- 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 26

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 26.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{s + \frac{2 (- 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 (1)} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 26.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{s + \frac{2 (- 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 \cdot 1} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 26.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{s + \frac{- 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 26.4

Divide $- 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{s - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} (s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27

Simplify.

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Step 27.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{s - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 27.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 27.2.1.1

Multiply $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 27.2.1.1.1

Move $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{s - 3 (s^{\frac{1}{2}} s^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{s - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.1.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{s - 3 s^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.1.1.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{s - 3 s^{\frac{2}{2}} - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.1.1.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{s - 3 s^{1} - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.1.2

Simplify $- 3 s^{1}$ .

$\frac{s - 3 s - 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{s - 3 s + 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.2.2

Subtract $3 s$ from $s$ .

$\frac{- 2 s + 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.3

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- 2 s + 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 27.3.1

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- 2 s$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.3.2

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $3 s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}) + s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.3.3

Factor $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $s^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}) + s^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3$ .

$\frac{s^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3)}{2 s^{3}}$

Step 27.4

Move $s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{3} s^{- \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 27.5

Multiply $s^{3}$ by $s^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 27.5.1

Move $s^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 (s^{- \frac{1}{2}} s^{3})}$

Step 27.5.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{- \frac{1}{2} + 3}}$

Step 27.5.3

To write $3$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{- \frac{1}{2} + 3 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 27.5.4

Combine $3$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{3 \cdot 2}{2}}}$

Step 27.5.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{\frac{- 1 + 3 \cdot 2}{2}}}$

Step 27.5.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 27.5.6.1

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{\frac{- 1 + 6}{2}}}$

Step 27.5.6.2

Add $- 1$ and $6$ .

$\frac{- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} + 3}{2 s^{\frac{5}{2}}}$

Step 27.6

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 3}{2 s^{\frac{5}{2}}}$

Step 27.7

Rewrite $3$ as $- 1 (- 3)$ .

$\frac{- (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 1 (- 3)}{2 s^{\frac{5}{2}}}$

Step 27.8

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 1 (- 3)$ .

$\frac{- (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3)}{2 s^{\frac{5}{2}}}$

Step 27.9

Rewrite $- (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3)$ as $- 1 (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3)}{2 s^{\frac{5}{2}}}$

Step 27.10

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{2 s^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3}{2 s^{\frac{5}{2}}}$