Algebra Examples

$\sin (x^{2})$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

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Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x^{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{d}{d u} (\sin (u)) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})$

The derivative of $\sin (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\cos (u)$ .

$f' (x) = \cos (u) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})$

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})$

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f' (x) = \cos (x^{2}) (2 x)$

Reorder the factors of $\cos (x^{2}) (2 x)$ .

$f' (x) = 2 x \cos (x^{2})$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

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Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x \cos (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x \cos (x^{2})]$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 \frac{d}{d x} (x \cos (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \cos (x^{2})$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x \frac{d}{d x} (\cos (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x (\frac{d}{d u} (\cos (u)) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

The derivative of $\cos (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $- \sin (u)$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x (- \sin (u) \frac{d}{d x} x^{2}) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x (- \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} x^{2}) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x (- \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x (- 2 \sin (x^{2}) x) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x \cdot x (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x \cdot x (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = 2 (x^{1 + 1} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x^{2} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x^{2} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Multiply $\cos (x^{2})$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 (x^{2} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}))$

Simplify.

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Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = 2 (x^{2} (- 2 \sin (x^{2}))) + 2 \cos (x^{2})$

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$f'' (x) = - 4 x^{2} \sin (x^{2}) + 2 \cos (x^{2})$

Step 3

Find the third derivative.

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By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $- 4 x^{2} \sin (x^{2}) + 2 \cos (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [- 4 x^{2} \sin (x^{2})] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \cos (x^{2})]$ .

$f''' (x) = \frac{d}{d x} (- 4 x^{2} \sin (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- 4 x^{2} \sin (x^{2})]$ .

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Since $- 4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 4 x^{2} \sin (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $- 4 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} \sin (x^{2})]$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2} \sin (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \sin (x^{2})$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} (\sin (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $x^{2}$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{2} (\frac{d}{d u (1)} (\sin (u_{1})) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

The derivative of $\sin (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\cos (u_{1})$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{2} (\cos (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $x^{2}$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Move $x$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x \cdot x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x \cdot x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{1 + 2} (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Move $2$ to the left of $\cos (x^{2})$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} (2 \cos (x^{2}))$

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [2 \cos (x^{2})]$ .

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Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 \cos (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x^{2})]$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + 2 \frac{d}{d x} (\cos (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{2}$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + 2 (\frac{d}{d u (2)} (\cos (u_{2})) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2}))$

The derivative of $\cos (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $- \sin (u_{2})$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + 2 (- \sin (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} x^{2})$

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2}$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + 2 (- \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} x^{2})$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + 2 (- \sin (x^{2}) (2 x))$

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + 2 (- 2 \sin (x^{2}) x)$

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) - 4 \sin (x^{2}) x$

Simplify.

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Apply the distributive property.

$f''' (x) = - 4 (x^{3} (2 \cos (x^{2}))) - 4 (\sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) - 4 \sin (x^{2}) x$

Combine terms.

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Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$f''' (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (\cos (x^{2}))) - 4 (\sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) - 4 \sin (x^{2}) x$

Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$f''' (x) = - 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2}) - 8 (\sin (x^{2}) (x)) - 4 \sin (x^{2}) x$

Subtract $4 \sin (x^{2}) x$ from $- 8 \sin (x^{2}) x$ .

$f''' (x) = - 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2}) - 12 \sin (x^{2}) x$

Reorder terms.

$f''' (x) = - 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2}) - 12 x \sin (x^{2})$

Step 4

Find the fourth derivative.

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By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $- 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2}) - 12 x \sin (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [- 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2})] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 12 x \sin (x^{2})]$ .

$f^{4} (x) = \frac{d}{d x} (- 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2})]$ .

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Since $- 8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 8 x^{3} \cos (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $- 8 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} \cos (x^{2})]$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 \frac{d}{d x} (x^{3} \cos (x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \cos (x^{2})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} (\cos (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $x^{2}$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (\frac{d}{d u (1)} (\cos (u_{1})) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

The derivative of $\cos (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $- \sin (u_{1})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (- \sin (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} x^{2}) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $x^{2}$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (- \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} x^{2}) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (- \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (- \sin (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{3} (- 2 \sin (x^{2}) x) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Move $x$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x \cdot x^{3} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ .

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Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x \cdot x^{3} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{1 + 3} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 12 x \sin (x^{2}))$

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- 12 x \sin (x^{2})]$ .

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Since $- 12$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 12 x \sin (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $- 12 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x^{2})]$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 \frac{d}{d x} (x \sin (x^{2}))$

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sin (x^{2})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x \frac{d}{d x} (\sin (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{2}$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x (\frac{d}{d u (2)} (\sin (u_{2})) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

The derivative of $\sin (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\cos (u_{2})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x (\cos (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2}$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x (\cos (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x (\cos (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \sin (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x))$

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x (\cos (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \sin (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x \cdot x (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x \cdot x (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{1 + 1} (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}) \cdot (2)) + \sin (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Move $2$ to the left of $\cos (x^{2})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (2 \cdot \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}) \cdot 1)$

Multiply $\sin (x^{2})$ by $1$ .

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2})) + \cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}))$

Simplify.

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Apply the distributive property.

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2}))) - 8 (\cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (2 \cos (x^{2})) + \sin (x^{2}))$

Apply the distributive property.

$f^{4} (x) = - 8 (x^{4} (- 2 \sin (x^{2}))) - 8 (\cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (2 \cos (x^{2}))) - 12 \sin (x^{2})$

Combine terms.

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Multiply $- 2$ by $- 8$ .

$f^{4} (x) = 16 (x^{4} (\sin (x^{2}))) - 8 (\cos (x^{2}) (3 x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (2 \cos (x^{2}))) - 12 \sin (x^{2})$

Multiply $3$ by $- 8$ .

$f^{4} (x) = 16 x^{4} \sin (x^{2}) - 24 (\cos (x^{2}) (x^{2})) - 12 (x^{2} (2 \cos (x^{2}))) - 12 \sin (x^{2})$

Multiply $2$ by $- 12$ .

$f^{4} (x) = 16 x^{4} \sin (x^{2}) - 24 \cos (x^{2}) x^{2} - 24 (x^{2} (\cos (x^{2}))) - 12 \sin (x^{2})$

Subtract $24 x^{2} \cos (x^{2})$ from $- 24 \cos (x^{2}) x^{2}$ .

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Move $\cos (x^{2})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = 16 x^{4} \sin (x^{2}) - 24 x^{2} \cos (x^{2}) - 24 x^{2} \cos (x^{2}) - 12 \sin (x^{2})$

Subtract $24 x^{2} \cos (x^{2})$ from $- 24 x^{2} \cos (x^{2})$ .

$f^{4} (x) = 16 x^{4} \sin (x^{2}) - 48 x^{2} \cos (x^{2}) - 12 \sin (x^{2})$