Precalculus Examples

$\ln (c^{- 4}) (\ln ({(\frac{a}{b})}^{- 2}))$

Step 1

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\ln (\frac{1}{c^{4}}) \ln ({(\frac{a}{b})}^{- 2})$

Step 2

Change the sign of the exponent by rewriting the base as its reciprocal.

$\ln (\frac{1}{c^{4}}) \ln ({(\frac{b}{a})}^{2})$

Step 3

Apply the product rule to $\frac{b}{a}$ .

$\ln (\frac{1}{c^{4}}) \ln (\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}})$