Precalculus Examples

$\ln (3) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \ln (x + 3) - 5 \ln (1 + \sqrt{x})$

Step 1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1

Simplify $\frac{1}{2} \ln (x + 3)$ by moving $\frac{1}{2}$ inside the logarithm.

$\ln (3) + \ln ({(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 5 \ln (1 + \sqrt{x})$

Step 1.2

Simplify $- 5 \ln (1 + \sqrt{x})$ by moving $5$ inside the logarithm.

$\ln (3) + \ln ({(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln ({(1 + \sqrt{x})}^{5})$

Step 2

Use the product property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) + \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (x y)$ .

$\ln (3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) - \ln ({(1 + \sqrt{x})}^{5})$

Step 3

Use the quotient property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) - \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (\frac{x}{y})$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 + \sqrt{x})}^{5}})$

Step 4

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1^{5} + 5 \cdot 1^{4} \sqrt{x} + 10 \cdot 1^{3} {\sqrt{x}}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1

One to any power is one.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \cdot 1^{4} \sqrt{x} + 10 \cdot 1^{3} {\sqrt{x}}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.2

One to any power is one.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \cdot 1 \sqrt{x} + 10 \cdot 1^{3} {\sqrt{x}}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.3

Multiply $5$ by $1$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 \cdot 1^{3} {\sqrt{x}}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.4

One to any power is one.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.5

Multiply $10$ by $1$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 {\sqrt{x}}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{2}$ as $x$ .

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Step 5.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 {(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x^{\frac{2}{2}} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 5.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x^{\frac{2}{2}} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x^{1} + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.6.5

Simplify.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 \cdot 1^{2} {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.7

One to any power is one.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.8

Multiply $10$ by $1$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 {\sqrt{x}}^{3} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.9

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{x^{3}}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 \sqrt{x^{3}} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.10

Factor out $x^{2}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 \sqrt{x^{2} x} + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.11

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 (x \sqrt{x}) + 5 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.12

Multiply $5$ by $1$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 {\sqrt{x}}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{4}$ as $x^{2}$ .

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Step 5.13.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 {(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $4$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{\frac{4}{2}} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.4

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 5.13.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.13.4.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{\frac{2}{1}} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.13.4.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{2} + {\sqrt{x}}^{5}})$

Step 5.14

Rewrite ${\sqrt{x}}^{5}$ as $\sqrt{x^{5}}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{2} + \sqrt{x^{5}}})$

Step 5.15

Rewrite $x^{5}$ as ${(x^{2})}^{2} x$ .

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Step 5.15.1

Factor out $x^{4}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{2} + \sqrt{x^{4} x}})$

Step 5.15.2

Rewrite $x^{4}$ as ${(x^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{2} + \sqrt{{(x^{2})}^{2} x}})$

Step 5.16

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\ln (\frac{3 {(x + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + 5 \sqrt{x} + 10 x + 10 x \sqrt{x} + 5 x^{2} + x^{2} \sqrt{x}})$