Linear Algebra Examples

$[\begin{array}{c} - \frac{6}{32.5} & \frac{18}{35.4} & - \frac{6}{37.8} \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} \end{array}]$

Step 1

Write as an augmented matrix for $A x = 0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - \frac{6}{32.5} & \frac{18}{35.4} & - \frac{6}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2

Find the reduced row echelon form.

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Step 2.1

Divide $6$ by $32.5$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 1 \cdot 0.1\overline{846153} & \frac{18}{35.4} & - \frac{6}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.1\overline{846153}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & \frac{18}{35.4} & - \frac{6}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.3

Divide $18$ by $35.4$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - \frac{6}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.4

Divide $6$ by $37.8$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 1 \cdot 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.\overline{158730}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - \frac{30}{31.5} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.6

Divide $30$ by $31.5$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 1 \cdot 0.\overline{952380} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.7

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.\overline{952380}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - \frac{30}{35.4} & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.8

Divide $30$ by $35.4$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 1 \cdot 0.84745762 & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.9

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.84745762$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - \frac{30}{37.8} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.10

Divide $30$ by $37.8$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 1 \cdot 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.11

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.\overline{793650}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - \frac{7.5}{31.5} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.12

Divide $7.5$ by $31.5$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 1 \cdot 0.\overline{238095} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.13

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.\overline{238095}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - \frac{5.4}{35.4} & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.14

Divide $5.4$ by $35.4$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 1 \cdot 0.15254237 & - \frac{22.2}{37.8} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.15

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.15254237$ .

Step 2.16

Divide $22.2$ by $37.8$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 0.15254237 & - 1 \cdot 0.\overline{587301} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.17

Multiply $- 1$ by $0.\overline{587301}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} - 0.1\overline{846153} & 0.50847457 & - 0.\overline{158730} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 0.15254237 & - 0.\overline{587301} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.18

Multiply each element of $R_{1}$ by $\frac{1}{- 0.1\overline{846153}}$ to make the entry at $1, 1$ a $1$ .

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Step 2.18.1

Multiply each element of $R_{1}$ by $\frac{1}{- 0.1\overline{846153}}$ to make the entry at $1, 1$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} \frac{- 0.1\overline{846153}}{- 0.1\overline{846153}} & \frac{0.50847457}{- 0.1\overline{846153}} & \frac{- 0.\overline{158730}}{- 0.1\overline{846153}} & \frac{0}{- 0.1\overline{846153}} \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 0.15254237 & - 0.\overline{587301} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.18.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} & - 0.84745762 & - 0.\overline{793650} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 0.15254237 & - 0.\overline{587301} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.19

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + 0.\overline{952380} R_{1}$ to make the entry at $2, 1$ a $0$ .

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Step 2.19.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + 0.\overline{952380} R_{1}$ to make the entry at $2, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{952380} + 0.\overline{952380} \cdot 1 & - 0.84745762 + 0.\overline{952380} \cdot - 2.75423728 & - 0.\overline{793650} + 0.\overline{952380} \cdot 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 + 0.\overline{952380} \cdot 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 0.15254237 & - 0.\overline{587301} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.19.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & - 3.47054075 & 0.02519526 & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} & - 0.15254237 & - 0.\overline{587301} & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.20

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + 0.\overline{238095} R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

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Step 2.20.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + 0.\overline{238095} R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & - 3.47054075 & 0.02519526 & 0 \\ - 0.\overline{238095} + 0.\overline{238095} \cdot 1 & - 0.15254237 + 0.\overline{238095} \cdot - 2.75423728 & - 0.\overline{587301} + 0.\overline{238095} \cdot 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 + 0.\overline{238095} \cdot 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.20.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & - 3.47054075 & 0.02519526 & 0 \\ 0 & - 0.80831315 & - 0.38259007 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.21

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $\frac{1}{- 3.47054075}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

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Step 2.21.1

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $\frac{1}{- 3.47054075}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ \frac{0}{- 3.47054075} & \frac{- 3.47054075}{- 3.47054075} & \frac{0.02519526}{- 3.47054075} & \frac{0}{- 3.47054075} \\ 0 & - 0.80831315 & - 0.38259007 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.21.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & - 0.00725975 & 0 \\ 0 & - 0.80831315 & - 0.38259007 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.22

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + 0.80831315 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

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Step 2.22.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} + 0.80831315 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & - 0.00725975 & 0 \\ 0 + 0.80831315 \cdot 0 & - 0.80831315 + 0.80831315 \cdot 1 & - 0.38259007 + 0.80831315 \cdot - 0.00725975 & 0 + 0.80831315 \cdot 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.22.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & - 0.00725975 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & - 0.38845822 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.23

Multiply each element of $R_{3}$ by $\frac{1}{- 0.38845822}$ to make the entry at $3, 3$ a $1$ .

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Step 2.23.1

Multiply each element of $R_{3}$ by $\frac{1}{- 0.38845822}$ to make the entry at $3, 3$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & - 0.00725975 & 0 \\ \frac{0}{- 0.38845822} & \frac{0}{- 0.38845822} & \frac{- 0.38845822}{- 0.38845822} & \frac{0}{- 0.38845822} \end{array}]$

Step 2.23.2

Simplify $R_{3}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & - 0.00725975 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.24

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + 0.00725975 R_{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 3$ a $0$ .

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Step 2.24.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} + 0.00725975 R_{3}$ to make the entry at $2, 3$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 + 0.00725975 \cdot 0 & 1 + 0.00725975 \cdot 0 & - 0.00725975 + 0.00725975 \cdot 1 & 0 + 0.00725975 \cdot 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.24.2

Simplify $R_{2}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0.8\overline{597883} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.25

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - 0.8\overline{597883} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $1, 3$ a $0$ .

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Step 2.25.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} - 0.8\overline{597883} R_{3}$ to make the entry at $1, 3$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 - 0.8\overline{597883} \cdot 0 & - 2.75423728 - 0.8\overline{597883} \cdot 0 & 0.8\overline{597883} - 0.8\overline{597883} \cdot 1 & 0 - 0.8\overline{597883} \cdot 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.25.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2.75423728 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.26

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} + 2.75423728 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

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Step 2.26.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} + 2.75423728 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 + 2.75423728 \cdot 0 & - 2.75423728 + 2.75423728 \cdot 1 & 0 + 2.75423728 \cdot 0 & 0 + 2.75423728 \cdot 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 2.26.2

Simplify $R_{1}$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array}]$

Step 3

Use the result matrix to declare the final solution to the system of equations.

$x = 0$

$y = 0$

$z = 0$

Step 4

Write a solution vector by solving in terms of the free variables in each row.

$[\begin{array}{c} x \\ y \\ z \end{array}] = [\begin{array}{c} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{array}]$

Step 5

Write as a solution set.

${[\begin{array}{c} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{array}]}$