Algebra Examples

$f (x) = (x + 2) (x - 1) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1

Simplify and reorder the polynomial.

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Step 1.1

Expand $(x + 2) (x - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(x (x - 1) + 2 (x - 1)) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 + 2 (x - 1)) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$(x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 1) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.2

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.2.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{2} + x \cdot - 1 + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 1) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.2.1.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x$ .

$(x^{2} - 1 \cdot x + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 1) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.2.1.3

Rewrite $- 1 x$ as $- x$ .

$(x^{2} - x + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 1) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.2.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$(x^{2} - x + 2 x - 2) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.2.2

Add $- x$ and $2 x$ .

$(x^{2} + x - 2) (x - (4 + 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(x^{2} + x - 2) (x - 1 \cdot 4 - (3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$(x^{2} + x - 2) (x - 4 - (3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.3.3

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$(x^{2} + x - 2) (x - 4 - 3 i) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.4

Expand $(x^{2} + x - 2) (x - 4 - 3 i)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5

Simplify terms.

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Step 1.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.5.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.5.1.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 1.5.1.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x^{2} x^{1} + x^{2} \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(x^{2 + 1} + x^{2} \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.1.2

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$(x^{3} + x^{2} \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.2

Move $- 4$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$(x^{3} - 4 \cdot x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.3

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x^{3} - 4 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} + x \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.4

Move $- 4$ to the left of $x$ .

$(x^{3} - 4 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} - 4 \cdot x + x (- 3 i) - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 4 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.5

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 4$ .

$(x^{3} - 4 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} - 4 x + x (- 3 i) - 2 x + 8 - 2 (- 3 i)) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.1.6

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 2$ .

$(x^{3} - 4 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} - 4 x + x (- 3 i) - 2 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 1.5.2.1

Add $- 4 x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$(x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) - 4 x + x (- 3 i) - 2 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.2.2

Subtract $2 x$ from $- 4 x$ .

$(x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) - 6 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - (4 - 3 i))$

Step 1.5.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.5.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) - 6 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - 1 \cdot 4 - (- 3 i))$

Step 1.5.3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$(x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) - 6 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - 4 - (- 3 i))$

Step 1.5.3.3

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 1$ .

$(x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) - 6 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - 4 + 3 i)$

Step 1.6

Expand $(x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) - 6 x + 8 + 6 i) (x - 4 + 3 i)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$x^{3} x + x^{3} \cdot - 4 + x^{3} (3 i) - 3 x^{2} x - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7

Simplify terms.

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Step 1.7.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.7.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ .

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Step 1.7.1.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{3} x^{1} + x^{3} \cdot - 4 + x^{3} (3 i) - 3 x^{2} x - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{3 + 1} + x^{3} \cdot - 4 + x^{3} (3 i) - 3 x^{2} x - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.1.2

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} + x^{3} \cdot - 4 + x^{3} (3 i) - 3 x^{2} x - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.2

Move $- 4$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} - 4 \cdot x^{3} + x^{3} (3 i) - 3 x^{2} x - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.3

Move $3$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 \cdot x^{3} i - 3 x^{2} x - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.4

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.4.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.4.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.7.1.4.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 (x^{1} x^{2}) - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.4.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{1 + 2} - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.4.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} \cdot - 4 - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.5

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 3 x^{2} (3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.6

Multiply $3$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) x + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.7

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.7.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x \cdot x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.7.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.7.1.7.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{1} x^{2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.7.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{1 + 2} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.7.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.8

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + x^{2} (12 i) + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.9

Move $12$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 \cdot x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.10

Multiply $x^{2} (- 3 i) (3 i)$ .

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Step 1.7.1.10.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 9 i) i + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.10.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 9 (i^{1} i)) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.10.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 9 (i^{1} i^{1})) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.10.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 9 i^{1 + 1}) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.10.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 9 i^{2}) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.11

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 9 \cdot - 1) + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.12

Multiply $- 9$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} \cdot 9 + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.13

Move $9$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 \cdot x^{2} + x (- 3 i) x + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.14

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.14.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x \cdot x (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.14.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (- 3 i) \cdot - 4 + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.15

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + x (12 i) + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.16

Move $12$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 \cdot x i + x (- 3 i) (3 i) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.17

Multiply $x (- 3 i) (3 i)$ .

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Step 1.7.1.17.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 3$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x (- 9 i) i - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.17.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x (- 9 (i^{1} i)) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.17.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x (- 9 (i^{1} i^{1})) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.17.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x (- 9 i^{1 + 1}) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.17.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x (- 9 i^{2}) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.18

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x (- 9 \cdot - 1) - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.19

Multiply $- 9$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + x \cdot 9 - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.20

Move $9$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 \cdot x - 6 x \cdot x - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.21

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.1.21.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 (x \cdot x) - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.21.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} - 6 x \cdot - 4 - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.22

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 6$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 6 x (3 i) + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.23

Multiply $3$ by $- 6$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x + 8 \cdot - 4 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.24

Multiply $8$ by $- 4$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 8 (3 i) + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.25

Multiply $3$ by $8$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x + 6 i \cdot - 4 + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.26

Multiply $- 4$ by $6$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 6 i (3 i)$

Step 1.7.1.27

Multiply $6 i (3 i)$ .

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Step 1.7.1.27.1

Multiply $3$ by $6$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 18 i i$

Step 1.7.1.27.2

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 18 (i^{1} i)$

Step 1.7.1.27.3

Raise $i$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 18 (i^{1} i^{1})$

Step 1.7.1.27.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 18 i^{1 + 1}$

Step 1.7.1.27.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 18 i^{2}$

Step 1.7.1.28

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i + 18 \cdot - 1$

Step 1.7.1.29

Multiply $18$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i - 18$

Step 1.7.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 1.7.2.1

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} i - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + x^{3} (- 3 i) + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i - 18$ .

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Step 1.7.2.1.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $3 x^{3} i$ and $x^{3} (- 3 i)$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 3 i x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i - 3 i x^{3} + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i - 18$

Step 1.7.2.1.2

Subtract $3 i x^{3}$ from $3 i x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 0 + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i - 18$

Step 1.7.2.1.3

Add $x^{4} - 4 x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 24 i + 6 i x - 24 i - 18$

Step 1.7.2.1.4

Subtract $24 i$ from $24 i$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x + 0 - 18$

Step 1.7.2.1.5

Add $x^{4} - 4 x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} - 4 x^{3} - 3 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.2

Subtract $3 x^{3}$ from $- 4 x^{3}$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 12 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + 9 x^{2} + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.3

Add $12 x^{2}$ and $9 x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 21 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x - 6 x^{2} + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.4

Subtract $6 x^{2}$ from $21 x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} - 9 x^{2} i + 12 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.5

Add $- 9 x^{2} i$ and $12 x^{2} i$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 3 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.6

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 3 x^{2} i + x^{2} (- 3 i) + 12 x i + 9 x + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$ .

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Step 1.7.2.6.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $3 x^{2} i$ and $x^{2} (- 3 i)$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 3 i x^{2} - 3 i x^{2} + 12 x i + 9 x + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.6.2

Subtract $3 i x^{2}$ from $3 i x^{2}$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 0 + 12 x i + 9 x + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.6.3

Add $x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 12 x i + 9 x + 24 x - 18 x i + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.7

Subtract $18 x i$ from $12 x i$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} - 6 x i + 9 x + 24 x + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.8

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} - 6 x i + 9 x + 24 x + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$ .

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Step 1.7.2.8.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $- 6 x i$ and $6 i x$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} - 6 i x + 9 x + 24 x + 8 x - 32 + 6 i x - 18$

Step 1.7.2.8.2

Add $- 6 i x$ and $6 i x$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 9 x + 24 x + 8 x - 32 + 0 - 18$

Step 1.7.2.8.3

Add $x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 9 x + 24 x + 8 x - 32$ and $0$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 9 x + 24 x + 8 x - 32 - 18$

Step 1.7.2.9

Add $9 x$ and $24 x$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 33 x + 8 x - 32 - 18$

Step 1.7.2.10

Add $33 x$ and $8 x$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 41 x - 32 - 18$

Step 1.7.2.11

Subtract $18$ from $- 32$ .

$x^{4} - 7 x^{3} + 15 x^{2} + 41 x - 50$

Step 2

The largest exponent is the degree of the polynomial.

$4$