Algebra Examples

$x^{5} - 1$ is divided by $x - 1$

Step 1

Write the problem as a mathematical expression.

$\frac{x^{5} - 1}{x - 1}$

Step 2

To calculate the remainder, first divide the polynomials.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

Step 2.2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{5}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

Step 2.3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

Step 2.4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{5} - x^{4}$

$x^{4}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

Step 2.5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

Step 2.6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

Step 2.7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{4}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

Step 2.8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

Step 2.9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{4} - x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

Step 2.10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

Step 2.11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

Step 2.12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

Step 2.13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

Step 2.14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{3} - x^{2}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

Step 2.15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

Step 2.16

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

Step 2.17

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

Step 2.18

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

Step 2.19

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{2} - x$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

Step 2.20

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

Step 2.21

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

Step 2.22

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

Step 2.23

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

Step 2.24

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x - 1$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

Step 2.25

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$0 x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{5}$

$x^{4}$

$0 x^{3}$

$x^{4}$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x^{3}$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$x^{2}$

$x$

$1$

$x$

$1$

$0$

Step 2.26

Since the remander is $0$ , the final answer is the quotient.

$x^{4} + x^{3} + x^{2} + x + 1$

Step 3

Since the final term in the resulting expression is not a fraction, the remainder is $0$ .

$0$