Algebra Examples

$\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (1 + \frac{r^{2}}{r^{2} - 1}) + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\sqrt{r^{2} - 1^{2}} (1 + \frac{r^{2}}{r^{2} - 1}) + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = r$ and $b = 1$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (1 + \frac{r^{2}}{r^{2} - 1}) + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.3

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 1.3.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (1 + \frac{r^{2}}{r^{2} - 1^{2}}) + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.3.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = r$ and $b = 1$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (1 + \frac{r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}) + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.4

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (\frac{(r + 1) (r - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + \frac{r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}) + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{(r + 1) (r - 1) + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.6.1

Expand $(r + 1) (r - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.6.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r (r - 1) + 1 (r - 1) + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r \cdot r + r \cdot - 1 + 1 (r - 1) + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r \cdot r + r \cdot - 1 + 1 r + 1 \cdot - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.6.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.6.2.1.1

Multiply $r$ by $r$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} + r \cdot - 1 + 1 r + 1 \cdot - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2.1.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of $r$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} - 1 \cdot r + 1 r + 1 \cdot - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2.1.3

Rewrite $- 1 r$ as $- r$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} - r + 1 r + 1 \cdot - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2.1.4

Multiply $r$ by $1$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} - r + r + 1 \cdot - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2.1.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} - r + r - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2.2

Add $- r$ and $r$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} + 0 - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.2.3

Add $r^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{r^{2} - 1 + r^{2}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.6.3

Add $r^{2}$ and $r^{2}$ .

$\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \frac{2 r^{2} - 1}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.7

Combine $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ and $\frac{2 r^{2} - 1}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.8

Multiply the numerator and denominator of the fraction by $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ .

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Step 1.8.1

Multiply $\frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - (\frac{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}} \cdot \frac{1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}})$

Step 1.8.2

Combine.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (1 + \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}})}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1})}$

Step 1.9

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \cdot 1 + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \frac{r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.10

Cancel the common factor of $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ .

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Step 1.10.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 1.10.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \cdot 1 + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.11

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.11.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1^{2}} \cdot 1 + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.11.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = r$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \cdot 1 + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.11.3

Multiply $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.12

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 1.12.1

Factor $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ out of $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ .

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Step 1.12.1.1

Factor $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ out of $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} r$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r) + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}}$

Step 1.12.1.2

Factor $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ out of $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} \sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r) + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (\sqrt{r^{2} - 1})}$

Step 1.12.1.3

Factor $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1}$ out of $\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r) + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (\sqrt{r^{2} - 1})$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1})}$

Step 1.12.2

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r + \sqrt{r^{2} - 1^{2}})}$

Step 1.12.3

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = r$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1} (r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)})}$

Step 1.12.4

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{r^{2} - 1^{2}} (r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)})}$

Step 1.12.5

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = r$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)})}$

Step 1.13

Cancel the common factor of $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + r$ and $r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

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Step 1.13.1

Reorder terms.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)})}$

Step 1.13.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)})}$

Step 1.13.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{1}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$

Step 1.14

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - (\frac{1}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}})$

Step 1.15

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 1.15.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$

Step 1.15.2

Raise $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}^{1} \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}$

Step 1.15.3

Raise $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}^{1}}$

Step 1.15.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}^{1 + 1}}$

Step 1.15.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}^{2}}$

Step 1.15.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}^{2}$ as $(r + 1) (r - 1)$ .

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Step 1.15.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ as ${((r + 1) (r - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{({((r + 1) (r - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 1.15.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{((r + 1) (r - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 1.15.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{((r + 1) (r - 1))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 1.15.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{((r + 1) (r - 1))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{{((r + 1) (r - 1))}^{1}}$

Step 1.15.6.5

Simplify.

$\frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)} + 2 r - \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 r + \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2} - 1) - \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 3

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 r + \frac{\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (2 r^{2}) + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \cdot - 1 - \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 3.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} r^{2} + \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} \cdot - 1 - \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 3.3

Move $- 1$ to the left of $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} r^{2} - 1 \cdot \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} - \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 3.4

Rewrite $- 1 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ as $- \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} r^{2} - \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} - \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 4

Subtract $\sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ from $- \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} r^{2} - 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.1.1

Factor $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ out of $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} r^{2} - 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

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Step 5.1.1.1

Factor $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ out of $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} r^{2}$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r^{2}) - 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5.1.1.2

Factor $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ out of $- 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r^{2}) + 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (- 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5.1.1.3

Factor $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ out of $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r^{2}) + 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (- 1)$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r^{2} - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5.1.2

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r^{2} - 1^{2})}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5.1.3

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = r$ and $b = 1$ .

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r + 1) (r - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5.2

Cancel the common factor of $r + 1$ .

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Step 5.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r + 1) (r - 1)}{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$

Step 5.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r - 1)}{r - 1}$

Step 5.3

Cancel the common factor of $r - 1$ .

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Step 5.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$2 r + \frac{2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)} (r - 1)}{r - 1}$

Step 5.3.2

Divide $2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$ by $1$ .

$2 r + 2 \sqrt{(r + 1) (r - 1)}$