Algebra Examples

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1

Factor by grouping.

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Step 1.1.1

For a polynomial of the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is $a \cdot c = 2 \cdot 3 = 6$ and whose sum is $b = 7$ .

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Step 1.1.1.1

Factor $7$ out of $7 y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 (y) + 3}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.2

Rewrite $7$ as $1$ plus $6$

$\frac{2 y^{2} + (1 + 6) y + 3}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 1 y + 6 y + 3}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.4

Multiply $y$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + y + 6 y + 3}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.1.2

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

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Step 1.1.2.1

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$\frac{(2 y^{2} + y) + 6 y + 3}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.1.2.2

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$\frac{y (2 y + 1) + 3 (2 y + 1)}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.1.3

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $2 y + 1$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{y^{3} - 1} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 1.2.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{3}$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{y^{3} - 1^{3}} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.2.2

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the difference of cubes formula, $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b) (a^{2} + a b + b^{2})$ where $a = y$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y \cdot 1 + 1^{2})} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.2.3

Simplify.

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Step 1.2.3.1

Multiply $y$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1^{2})} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 1.2.3.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - \frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 2

Find the common denominator.

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Step 2.1

Multiply $\frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1}$ by $\frac{y - 1}{y - 1}$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - (\frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1} \cdot \frac{y - 1}{y - 1}) - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 2.2

Multiply $\frac{1 - 2 y}{y^{2} + y + 1}$ by $\frac{y - 1}{y - 1}$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - \frac{(1 - 2 y) (y - 1)}{(y^{2} + y + 1) (y - 1)} - \frac{3}{y - 1}$

Step 2.3

Multiply $\frac{3}{y - 1}$ by $\frac{y^{2} + y + 1}{y^{2} + y + 1}$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - \frac{(1 - 2 y) (y - 1)}{(y^{2} + y + 1) (y - 1)} - (\frac{3}{y - 1} \cdot \frac{y^{2} + y + 1}{y^{2} + y + 1})$

Step 2.4

Multiply $\frac{3}{y - 1}$ by $\frac{y^{2} + y + 1}{y^{2} + y + 1}$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - \frac{(1 - 2 y) (y - 1)}{(y^{2} + y + 1) (y - 1)} - \frac{3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 2.5

Reorder the factors of $(y^{2} + y + 1) (y - 1)$ .

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - \frac{(1 - 2 y) (y - 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)} - \frac{3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(2 y + 1) (y + 3) - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1

Expand $(2 y + 1) (y + 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y (y + 3) + 1 (y + 3) - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y \cdot y + 2 y \cdot 3 + 1 (y + 3) - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y \cdot y + 2 y \cdot 3 + 1 y + 1 \cdot 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.2

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.2.1.1

Multiply $y$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.1.1.1

Move $y$ .

$\frac{2 (y \cdot y) + 2 y \cdot 3 + 1 y + 1 \cdot 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.2.1.1.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 2 y \cdot 3 + 1 y + 1 \cdot 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.2.1.2

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 6 y + 1 y + 1 \cdot 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.2.1.3

Multiply $y$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 6 y + y + 1 \cdot 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.2.1.4

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 6 y + y + 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.2.2

Add $6 y$ and $y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - (1 - 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 + (- 1 \cdot 1 - (- 2 y)) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 + (- 1 - (- 2 y)) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.5

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 + (- 1 + 2 y) (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.6

Expand $(- 1 + 2 y) (y - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 1 (y - 1) + 2 y (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.6.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 1 y - 1 \cdot - 1 + 2 y (y - 1) - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.6.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 1 y - 1 \cdot - 1 + 2 y \cdot y + 2 y \cdot - 1 - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.7

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.7.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.7.1.1

Rewrite $- 1 y$ as $- y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - y - 1 \cdot - 1 + 2 y \cdot y + 2 y \cdot - 1 - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.7.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - y + 1 + 2 y \cdot y + 2 y \cdot - 1 - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.7.1.3

Multiply $y$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.7.1.3.1

Move $y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - y + 1 + 2 (y \cdot y) + 2 y \cdot - 1 - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.7.1.3.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - y + 1 + 2 y^{2} + 2 y \cdot - 1 - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.7.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 2 y - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.7.2

Subtract $2 y$ from $- y$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 (y^{2} + y + 1)}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.8

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 y^{2} - 3 y - 3 \cdot 1}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 4.9

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 y^{2} - 3 y - 3}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5

Simplify terms.

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Step 5.1

Combine the opposite terms in $2 y^{2} + 7 y + 3 - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 y^{2} - 3 y - 3$ .

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Step 5.1.1

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 y^{2} - 3 y + 0}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.1.2

Add $2 y^{2} + 7 y - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 y^{2} - 3 y$ and $0$ .

$\frac{2 y^{2} + 7 y - 3 y + 1 + 2 y^{2} - 3 y^{2} - 3 y}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.2

Add $2 y^{2}$ and $2 y^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 y^{2} + 7 y - 3 y + 1 - 3 y^{2} - 3 y}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.3

Subtract $3 y^{2}$ from $4 y^{2}$ .

$\frac{y^{2} + 7 y - 3 y + 1 - 3 y}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.4

Subtract $3 y$ from $7 y$ .

$\frac{y^{2} + 4 y + 1 - 3 y}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.5

Subtract $3 y$ from $4 y$ .

$\frac{y^{2} + y + 1}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.6

Cancel the common factor of $y^{2} + y + 1$ .

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Step 5.6.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y^{2} + y + 1}{(y - 1) (y^{2} + y + 1)}$

Step 5.6.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{y - 1}$