Algebra Examples

$(\sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}) (\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}})$

Step 1

Expand $(\sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}) (\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} (\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}) - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} (\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}})$

Step 1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} (\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}})$

Step 1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$\sqrt{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3}) (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.2

Expand $(4 + 2 \sqrt{3}) (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{4 (4 - 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\sqrt{4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.3.1.1

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$\sqrt{16 + 4 (- 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.2

Multiply $- 2$ by $4$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.3

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.4

Multiply $2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})$ .

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Step 2.1.3.1.4.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \sqrt{3} \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.4.2

Raise $\sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 ({\sqrt{3}}^{1} \sqrt{3})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.4.3

Raise $\sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 ({\sqrt{3}}^{1} {\sqrt{3}}^{1})} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.4.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 {\sqrt{3}}^{1 + 1}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.4.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 {\sqrt{3}}^{2}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.5

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 2.1.3.1.5.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.5.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.5.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.5.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.3.1.5.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 2.1.3.1.5.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{1}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.5.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.1.6

Multiply $- 4$ by $3$ .

$\sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 12} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.2

Subtract $12$ from $16$ .

$\sqrt{4 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.3

Add $- 8 \sqrt{3}$ and $8 \sqrt{3}$ .

$\sqrt{4 + 0} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.3.4

Add $4$ and $0$ .

$\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.4

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$\sqrt{2^{2}} + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.5

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$2 + \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.6

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$2 + \sqrt{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3}) (4 + 2 \sqrt{3})} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.7

Raise $4 + 2 \sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 + \sqrt{{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3})}^{1} (4 + 2 \sqrt{3})} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.8

Raise $4 + 2 \sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 + \sqrt{{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3})}^{1} {(4 + 2 \sqrt{3})}^{1}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.9

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 + \sqrt{{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3})}^{1 + 1}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.10

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 + \sqrt{{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3})}^{2}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.11

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.12

Multiply $- \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}$ .

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Step 2.1.12.1

Raise $\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - ({\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}}^{1} \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}) - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.12.2

Raise $\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - ({\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}}^{1} {\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}}^{1}) - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.12.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}}^{1 + 1} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.12.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}}^{2} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.13

Rewrite ${\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}}^{2}$ as $4 - 2 \sqrt{3}$ .

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Step 2.1.13.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}}$ as ${(4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {({(4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.13.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {(4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.13.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {(4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}^{\frac{2}{2}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.13.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.13.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {(4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}^{\frac{2}{2}} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.13.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - {(4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}^{1} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.13.5

Simplify.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - (4 - 2 \sqrt{3}) - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.14

Apply the distributive property.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 1 \cdot 4 - (- 2 \sqrt{3}) - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.15

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 - (- 2 \sqrt{3}) - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.16

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.17

Multiply $- \sqrt{4 - 2 \sqrt{3}} \sqrt{4 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$ .

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Step 2.1.17.1

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{(4 + 2 \sqrt{3}) (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.2

Expand $(4 + 2 \sqrt{3}) (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.1.17.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 (4 - 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} (4 - 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.1.17.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.17.3.1.1

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 + 4 (- 2 \sqrt{3}) + 2 \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.2

Multiply $- 2$ by $4$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.3

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.4

Multiply $2 \sqrt{3} (- 2 \sqrt{3})$ .

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Step 2.1.17.3.1.4.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \sqrt{3} \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.4.2

Raise $\sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 ({\sqrt{3}}^{1} \sqrt{3})}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.4.3

Raise $\sqrt{3}$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 ({\sqrt{3}}^{1} {\sqrt{3}}^{1})}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.4.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 {\sqrt{3}}^{1 + 1}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.4.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 {\sqrt{3}}^{2}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.5

Rewrite ${\sqrt{3}}^{2}$ as $3$ .

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Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3}$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3^{1}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.5.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 4 \cdot 3}$

Step 2.1.17.3.1.6

Multiply $- 4$ by $3$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{16 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3} - 12}$

Step 2.1.17.3.2

Subtract $12$ from $16$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 - 8 \sqrt{3} + 8 \sqrt{3}}$

Step 2.1.17.3.3

Add $- 8 \sqrt{3}$ and $8 \sqrt{3}$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4 + 0}$

Step 2.1.17.3.4

Add $4$ and $0$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{4}$

Step 2.1.18

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2^{2}}$

Step 2.1.19

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 1 \cdot 2$

Step 2.1.20

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 + 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 2$

Step 2.2

Add $2$ and $4$ .

$6 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4 + 2 \sqrt{3} - 2$

Step 2.3

Subtract $4$ from $6$ .

$2 + 2 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3} - 2$

Step 2.4

Subtract $2$ from $2$ .

$0 + 2 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3}$

Step 2.5

Add $0$ and $2 \sqrt{3}$ .

$2 \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3}$

Step 2.6

Add $2 \sqrt{3}$ and $2 \sqrt{3}$ .

$4 \sqrt{3}$

Step 3

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$4 \sqrt{3}$

Decimal Form:

$6.92820323 \dots$