Algebra Examples

$f (x) = | x + 2 |$

Step 1

The function $F (x)$ can be found by evaluating the indefinite integral of the derivative $f (x)$ .

$F (x) = \int f (x) d x$

Step 2

Set the argument in the absolute value equal to $0$ to find the potential values to split the solution at.

$x + 2 = 0$

Step 3

Simplify the answer.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

Solve the equation for $x$ .

$x = - 2$

Step 3.2

Create intervals around the solutions to find where $x + 2$ is positive and negative.

$(- \infty, - 2), (- 2, \infty)$

Step 3.3

Substitute a value from each interval into $x + 2$ to figure out where the expression is positive or negative.

$\begin{array}{c} Interval & Sign on interval \\ (- \infty, - 2) & - \\ (- 2, \infty) & + \end{array}$

Step 3.4

Integrate the argument of the absolute value.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.4.1

Set up the integral with the argument of the absolute value.

$\int x + 2 d x$

Step 3.4.2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int x d x + \int 2 d x$

Step 3.4.3

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C + \int 2 d x$

Step 3.4.4

Apply the constant rule.

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C + 2 x + C$

Step 3.4.5

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x + C$

Step 3.5

On the intervals where the argument is negative, multiply the solution of the integral by $- 1$ .

${\begin{cases} - (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x + C) & x \leq - 2 \\ \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x + C & x > - 2 \end{cases}$

Step 3.6

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

${\begin{cases} - (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + 2 x + C) & x \leq - 2 \\ \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x + C & x > - 2 \end{cases}$

Step 3.7

Simplify.

${\begin{cases} - \frac{x^{2}}{2} - 2 x & x \leq - 2 \\ \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x & x > - 2 \end{cases} + C$

Step 3.8

Simplify.

${\begin{cases} - \frac{1}{2} x^{2} - 2 x & x \leq - 2 \\ \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x & x > - 2 \end{cases} + C$

Step 4

The function $F$ if derived from the integral of the derivative of the function. This is valid by the fundamental theorem of calculus.

$F (x) = {\begin{cases} - \frac{1}{2} x^{2} - 2 x & x \leq - 2 \\ \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 2 x & x > - 2 \end{cases} + C$