Algebra Examples

$\frac{\cot^{2} (x) \cos^{2} (x)}{\cot^{2} (x) - \cos^{2} (x)}$

Step 1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite $\cot (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{{(\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)})}^{2} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cot^{2} (x) - \cos^{2} (x)}$

Step 1.2

Apply the product rule to $\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)}$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cot^{2} (x) - \cos^{2} (x)}$

Step 2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 2.1

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = \cot (x)$ and $b = \cos (x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{(\cot (x) + \cos (x)) (\cot (x) - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2

Simplify.

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Step 2.2.1

Rewrite $\cot (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{(\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x)) (\cot (x) - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2.2

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x)$ .

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Step 2.2.2.1

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)}$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{(\cos (x) \frac{1}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x)) (\cot (x) - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2.2.2

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{(\cos (x) \frac{1}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x) \cdot 1) (\cot (x) - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2.2.3

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\cos (x) \frac{1}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x) \cdot 1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\cot (x) - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2.3

Rewrite $\cot (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)} - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2.4

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)} - \cos (x)$ .

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Step 2.2.4.1

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\frac{\cos (x)}{\sin (x)}$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\cos (x) \frac{1}{\sin (x)} - \cos (x))}$

Step 2.2.4.2

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $- \cos (x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\cos (x) \frac{1}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x) \cdot - 1)}$

Step 2.2.4.3

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\cos (x) \frac{1}{\sin (x)} + \cos (x) \cdot - 1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1))}$

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 2.2.5

Combine exponents.

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Step 2.2.5.1

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 2.2.5.2

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos^{1} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 2.2.5.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{{\cos (x)}^{1 + 1} (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 2.2.5.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cos^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 3

Combine $\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)}$ and $\cos^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{2} (x) \cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)}}{\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 4

Multiply $\cos^{2} (x)$ by $\cos^{2} (x)$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{{\cos (x)}^{2 + 2}}{\sin^{2} (x)}}{\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 4.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos^{4} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)}}{\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 5

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{\cos^{4} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 6

Combine.

$\frac{\cos^{4} (x) \cdot 1}{\sin^{2} (x) (\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1))}$

Step 7

Cancel the common factor of $\cos^{4} (x)$ and $\cos^{2} (x)$ .

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Step 7.1

Factor $\cos^{2} (x)$ out of $\cos^{4} (x) \cdot 1$ .

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x) (\cos^{2} (x) \cdot 1)}{\sin^{2} (x) (\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1))}$

Step 7.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 7.2.1

Factor $\cos^{2} (x)$ out of $\sin^{2} (x) (\cos^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1))$ .

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x) (\cos^{2} (x) \cdot 1)}{\cos^{2} (x) (\sin^{2} (x) ((\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)))}$

Step 7.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x) (\cos^{2} (x) \cdot 1)}{\cos^{2} (x) (\sin^{2} (x) ((\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)))}$

Step 7.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x) \cdot 1}{\sin^{2} (x) ((\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1))}$

Step 8

Multiply $\cos^{2} (x)$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 9

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x) \cdot 1}{\sin^{2} (x) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 10

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{\cos^{2} (x) \cdot 1}{\sin^{2} (x) \cdot 1 (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)}$

Step 11

Separate fractions.

$\frac{1}{(1 (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1)) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)} \cdot \frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)}$

Step 12

Convert from $\frac{\cos^{2} (x)}{\sin^{2} (x)}$ to $\cot^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{1}{(1 (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1)) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)} \cot^{2} (x)$

Step 13

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{(\frac{1}{\sin (x)} + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)} \cot^{2} (x)$

Step 14

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 14.1

Convert from $\frac{1}{\sin (x)}$ to $\csc (x)$ .

$\frac{1}{(\csc (x) + 1) (\frac{1}{\sin (x)} - 1)} \cot^{2} (x)$

Step 14.2

Convert from $\frac{1}{\sin (x)}$ to $\csc (x)$ .

$\frac{1}{(\csc (x) + 1) (\csc (x) - 1)} \cot^{2} (x)$

Step 15

Combine $\frac{1}{(\csc (x) + 1) (\csc (x) - 1)}$ and $\cot^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{\cot^{2} (x)}{(\csc (x) + 1) (\csc (x) - 1)}$