Algebra Examples

$1 + \frac{x - 1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1

Move all terms to the left side of the equation and simplify.

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Step 1.1

Simplify the left side.

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Step 1.1.1

Simplify $1 + \frac{x - 1}{x + 1}$ .

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Step 1.1.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.1.1.1.1

Split the fraction $\frac{x - 1}{x + 1}$ into two fractions.

$1 + \frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{- 1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.1.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$1 + \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.2

Find the common denominator.

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Step 1.1.1.2.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$\frac{1}{1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.2.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{1}$ by $\frac{x + 1}{x + 1}$ .

$\frac{1}{1} \cdot \frac{x + 1}{x + 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.2.3

Multiply $\frac{1}{1}$ by $\frac{x + 1}{x + 1}$ .

$\frac{x + 1}{x + 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x + 1 + x - 1}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.4

Combine the opposite terms in $x + 1 + x - 1$ .

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Step 1.1.1.4.1

Subtract $1$ from $1$ .

$\frac{x + x + 0}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.4.2

Add $x + x$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x + x}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.1.1.5

Add $x$ and $x$ .

$\frac{2 x}{x + 1} = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.2

Simplify the right side.

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Step 1.2.1

Split the fraction $\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$ into two fractions.

$\frac{2 x}{x + 1} = \frac{x}{x - 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.3

Move all the expressions to the left side of the equation.

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Step 1.3.1

Subtract $\frac{x}{x - 1}$ from both sides of the equation.

$\frac{2 x}{x + 1} - \frac{x}{x - 1} = \frac{1}{x - 1}$

Step 1.3.2

Subtract $\frac{1}{x - 1}$ from both sides of the equation.

$\frac{2 x}{x + 1} - \frac{x}{x - 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} = 0$

Step 2

Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.

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Step 2.1

Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.

$x + 1, x - 1, x - 1, 1$

Step 2.2

The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.

1. List the prime factors of each number.

2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.

Step 2.3

The number $1$ is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.

Not prime

Step 2.4

The LCM of $1, 1, 1, 1$ is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either number.

$1$

Step 2.5

The factor for $x + 1$ is $x + 1$ itself.

$(x + 1) = x + 1$

$(x + 1)$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 2.6

The factor for $x - 1$ is $x - 1$ itself.

$(x - 1) = x - 1$

$(x - 1)$ occurs $1$ time.

Step 2.7

The LCM of $x + 1, x - 1, x - 1$ is the result of multiplying all factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.

$(x + 1) (x - 1)$

Step 3

Multiply each term in $\frac{2 x}{x + 1} - \frac{x}{x - 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} = 0$ by $(x + 1) (x - 1)$ to eliminate the fractions.

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Step 3.1

Multiply each term in $\frac{2 x}{x + 1} - \frac{x}{x - 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} = 0$ by $(x + 1) (x - 1)$ .

$\frac{2 x}{x + 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $x + 1$ .

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Step 3.2.1.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 x}{x + 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$2 x (x - 1) - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x \cdot x + 2 x \cdot - 1 - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.3

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.3.1

Move $x$ .

$2 (x \cdot x) + 2 x \cdot - 1 - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$2 x^{2} + 2 x \cdot - 1 - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - \frac{x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.5

Cancel the common factor of $x - 1$ .

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Step 3.2.1.5.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{x}{x - 1}$ into the numerator.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x + \frac{- x}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.5.2

Factor $x - 1$ out of $(x + 1) (x - 1)$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x + \frac{- x}{x - 1} ((x - 1) (x + 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.5.3

Cancel the common factor.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x + \frac{- x}{x - 1} ((x - 1) (x + 1)) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.5.4

Rewrite the expression.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x (x + 1) - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.6

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x \cdot x - x \cdot 1 - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.7

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.7.1

Move $x$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - (x \cdot x) - x \cdot 1 - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.7.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x \cdot 1 - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x - \frac{1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.9

Cancel the common factor of $x - 1$ .

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Step 3.2.1.9.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{1}{x - 1}$ into the numerator.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x + \frac{- 1}{x - 1} ((x + 1) (x - 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.9.2

Factor $x - 1$ out of $(x + 1) (x - 1)$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x + \frac{- 1}{x - 1} ((x - 1) (x + 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.9.3

Cancel the common factor.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x + \frac{- 1}{x - 1} ((x - 1) (x + 1)) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.9.4

Rewrite the expression.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x - (x + 1) = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.10

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x - x - 1 \cdot 1 = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.1.11

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} - x - x - 1 = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.2

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 3.2.2.1

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $2 x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} - 2 x - x - x - 1 = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.2.2

Subtract $x$ from $- 2 x$ .

$x^{2} - 3 x - x - 1 = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.2.2.3

Subtract $x$ from $- 3 x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 ((x + 1) (x - 1))$

Step 3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 3.3.1

Expand $(x + 1) (x - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.3.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x (x - 1) + 1 (x - 1))$

Step 3.3.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 + 1 (x - 1))$

Step 3.3.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 + 1 x + 1 \cdot - 1)$

Step 3.3.2

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.3.2.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} + x \cdot - 1 + 1 x + 1 \cdot - 1)$

Step 3.3.2.1.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} - 1 \cdot x + 1 x + 1 \cdot - 1)$

Step 3.3.2.1.3

Rewrite $- 1 x$ as $- x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} - x + 1 x + 1 \cdot - 1)$

Step 3.3.2.1.4

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} - x + x + 1 \cdot - 1)$

Step 3.3.2.1.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} - x + x - 1)$

Step 3.3.2.2

Add $- x$ and $x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} + 0 - 1)$

Step 3.3.2.3

Add $x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0 (x^{2} - 1)$

Step 3.3.3

Multiply $0$ by $x^{2} - 1$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x - 1 = 0$

Step 4

Solve the equation.

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Step 4.1

Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.

$\frac{- b \pm \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 (a c)}}{2 a}$

Step 4.2

Substitute the values $a = 1$ , $b = - 4$ , and $c = - 1$ into the quadratic formula and solve for $x$ .

$\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{{(- 4)}^{2} - 4 \cdot (1 \cdot - 1)}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.3.1.1

Raise $- 4$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 1}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.1.2

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 1$ .

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Step 4.3.1.2.1

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16 - 4 \cdot - 1}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.1.2.2

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 1$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16 + 4}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.1.3

Add $16$ and $4$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{20}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.1.4

Rewrite $20$ as $2^{2} \cdot 5$ .

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Step 4.3.1.4.1

Factor $4$ out of $20$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{4 (5)}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.1.4.2

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{2^{2} \cdot 5}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.1.5

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$x = \frac{4 \pm 2 \sqrt{5}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 4.3.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{4 \pm 2 \sqrt{5}}{2}$

Step 4.3.3

Simplify $\frac{4 \pm 2 \sqrt{5}}{2}$ .

$x = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}$

Step 4.4

The final answer is the combination of both solutions.

$x = 2 + \sqrt{5}, 2 - \sqrt{5}$

$x = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}$

Step 5

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$x = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}$

Decimal Form:

$x = 4.23606797 \dots, - 0.23606797 \dots$